Personal Information

Tetsuya Iwasaki, Professor
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
University of California
38-137M Engineering IV

420 Westwood Plaza.
Los Angeles, CA 90095
Tel: (310)206-2533
Fax: (310)206-2302
E-mail: tiwasaki@ucla.edu

personal
Publications · Research · Teaching Activities · Affiliations · Students

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Education

Ph.D, Dynamics and Control, December, 1993
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Dissertation: "A Unified Matrix Inequality Approach to Linear Control Design"

M.S., Electrical and Electronic Engineering, March, 1990
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Thesis: "An Application of the Extended Kalman Filter to the Field Oriented Control of an Induction Motor"

B.S. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, March, 1987
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Thesis: "On the Design of Windmill Simulator for Electrical Power Generation"

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Employment/Experience

University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 7/2009-present

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 8/2002-5/2009
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 10/2002-8/2004
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 5/2000-10/2002

Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Associate Professor, Department of Control Systems Engineering 4/1997-5/2000
Lecturer, Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science 5/1996-3/1997
Research Associate, Department of Systems Science 3/1995-4/1996

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Post-doctoral Research Associate, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1/1994-2/1995

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Professional/Academic Affiliations
Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Member, Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE)
Member, Sigma Gamma Tau
Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 10/1999-12/2003
Associate Editor, Systems and Control Letters, 10/1998-present
Associate Editor, IFAC Automatica, 3/2004-2/2007
Subject Editor, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 1/2007-12/2008
Editorial Board Member, Journal of SICE, 1997
O. Hugo Schuck Best Paper Award Committee Member, American Automatic Control Council 2003, 2005
Regional Program Chair, Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Annual Conference, 2008
Program Committee Member, 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, 2005
Program Committee Member, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2004
Program Committee Member, IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, 2004
Program Committee Member, International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, 2004
Publicity Chair, Operating Committee, IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 2004
Secretary, Organizing Committee, SICE Annual Conference, 1998
Technical Program Committee Member, IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 2001
Technical Program Committee Member, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1999

Honors/Awards
· Fellow, IEEE, 2009
· Rudolf Kalman Best Paper Award, ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division, 2007
· George S. Axelby Outstanding Paper Award, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2006
· NSF Career Award, National Science Foundation, Electrical and Computer Systems, 2003
· Pioneer Prize, Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, 2002
· Outstanding Reviewer Automatica, International Federation of Automatic Control, 2001
· Outstanding Reviewer Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000
· Outstanding Research Paper Award,Tejima Foundation for Engineering Education, Japan, 2000
· Who's Who in the World, Millennium Edition, Marquis Who's Who, 2000
· Outstanding Reviewer, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1999
· Best Paper in Session, Session: LMI-based Algorithms for Fixed-order Control Design, American Control Conference, 1997
· Best Paper in Session, Session: Linear Matrix Inequalities in Control Theory - I, American Control Conference, 1994
· Best Paper in Session, Session: Robust Control for Uncertain Systems, American Control Conference, 1994
· Best Paper in Session, Session: H-infinity with Reduced Order Controller Models, American Control Conference, 1993

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Research Interests and Projects

MURI: Towards a Mission-Configurable Stealth Underwater Batoid
ONR N00014-08-1-0642, May 2008  EApril 2013, PI: H. Bart-Smith, Co-PIs: Haj-Hariri, Humphrey, Iwasaki, Smits, Fish

The objective of this basic research is to uncover the fundamental control mechanism for generating natural body movements in manta ray swimming, and to establish a theory for designing CPG-based feedback controllers that achieve optimally efficient, stealthy, flapping-wing propulsion of underwater vehicles. To achieve the objective, the work is broken down into the following tasks:

I. Develop a mathematical model of the body tensegrity structure in the fluid environment and analyze the model to find natural modes of oscillations that lead to efficient swimming.

The equations of motion for the body tensegrity structure will be developed from the first principle in physics, capturing the inertia of rigid elements and flexibility of pretensioned wires. For the purpose of control design, the complex dynamics generating the fluid forces will be simplified in terms of several components including the viscous damping, inertial drag, and added mass effect. The resulting model of the vehicle is a set of two vector-valued differential equations, one of which describes the body dynamics from the applied tensions to the body shape, and the other the rectifying mechanics from the body shape change to the locomotion velocity. We will analyze the model by considering the motion around a nominal posture and retaining up to the bilinear terms in the perturbed variables. The resulting model for the body dynamics will be linear in the body configuration variables with coefficients dependent on slowly varying locomotion velocity v. The standard modal analysis will reveal the natural motion of the body-fluid system at a given locomotion velocity. The natural motion is characterized by the frequency, phases, and amplitudes of the body variables. These parameters will be compared with the experimental data from video recording of manta ray swimming to examine whether resonance is indeed exploited for efficient swimming.

We also plan to calculate the optimal rhythmic movement of the underwater vehicle. A bilinear term of the body variables and their derivatives will capture the essential dynamics of rectification. In particular, the integral of the bilinear term over one cycle of oscillation gives the net momentum generated by the periodic body motion. We will use this model for the rectifying mechanics to find the most efficient rhythmic movements among those achieving a desired locomotion velocity. We will consider several efficiency measures including the energy loss, peak torque, shape change rate, and slippage. Such optimal motions can be found by a numerical method, or by analytical methods with sinusoidal approximations. The optimal motions will be compared with the natural motion and experimental data to determine the most appropriate gait for stealthy swimming.

II. Design a CPG-based feedback controller that achieves entrainment to the optimally efficient motion utilizing the resonance between the body structure and fluid dynamics.

We adopt a simple model of a neuronal membrane relating the presynaptic potential to the postsynaptic potential. The reciprocal inhibition oscillator (RIO) is the simplest and perhaps the most fundamental CPG, consisting of two neurons with mutually inhibitory synaptic connections. The two neurons oscillate 180o out of phase, which is fundamental to drive a pair of muscles (flexor/extensor, dorsal/ventral, etc.) to generate rhythmic body movements in animal locomotion. We plan to use the RIO as the basic unit for controlling the underwater vehicle. An RIO will be placed for each edge of the tensegrity wing structure to command the tension based on the sensory feedback of length information. The intrinsic frequency of RIOs should be chosen away from the resonance frequency, in which case entrainment to the resonance is expected to occur. We will verify this rather counter-intuitive theoretical prediction by simulations and experiments. The resulting oscillation of the wing structure should be close to one of the natural modes calculated in Task I.

In manta ray swimming, flapping motion of the wings has particular phase characteristics, where waves travel over each wing. The natural wing motion achieved in the previous step will have no wave propagation property that is essential for propulsion. To implement the optimal phase relations for flapping found in Task I, the RIOs will be coupled to each other. The topology and strength of the couplings will be determined by the method of multivariable harmonic balance. The couplings should be weak so that the designed phase coordination is not strictly enforced and the flapping pattern adapts to the fluid environment. The design will then be robust against modeling errors inevitable for complex fluid dynamics.

ray ray_flapping The optimal gait that minimizes the derivative of muscle tension has been calculated. The phase contour (right) shows traveling waves starting at the leading edge and propagating toward the tail as indicated by the arrow. The direction of the optimal traveling wave appears to be aligned with the skeletal structure of the wing (middle).


 

Coordinated natural rhythmic movements by distributed biological oscillators
NSF/CMMI 0654070, June 2007  EMay 2010, PI: T. Iwasaki

The overall goal of this project is to understand the biological control mechanism underlying natural rhythmic movements observed in animal locomotion, and to establish a design principle for engineering applications. In particular, we focus on the decentralized control mechanism realized by neuronal oscillators called the central pattern generators (CPGs). Our specific aims are:

1. Establish a design theory for feedback controllers consisting of distributed CPG models to achieve natural rhythmic movements of mechanical systems.

a. Characterize the design parameters (feedback gains and the intrinsic frequency of the CPGs) that yield a desired natural mechanical mode of oscillation.

b. Derive a condition on the design parameters for existence and stability of the oscillations achieved by the CPGs characterized in the previous step.

2. Confirm robustness of the natural movements, achieved by the distributed CPGs, with respect to variations in the mechanical and design parameters.

a. Verify the hypothesis: Every stable oscillation achieved by the distributed CPGs is near one of the natural mechanical modes or the intrinsic frequency of the CPGs.

b. Uncover the partition of the design parameter space so that each region corresponds to one of the natural and intrinsic modes of oscillation.

3. Assess validity and limitations of the control design and robustness analysis through numerical simulations and physical experiments of typical mechanical systems.

a. Examine adverse effects of approximations introduced in the design and analysis through numerical simulations of linear and nonlinear mechanical systems.

b. Conduct experiments on multilink systems to verify feasibility in the face of hardware constraints and unmodeled dynamics.


clocks

The Huygens’s pendulum clocks tend to synchronize when placed side by side on a common supporting structure. This results from damping out the 2nd mode of natural oscillation through the friction. A distributed pair of controllers, with a CPG architecture, can be designed to drive two pendulums to damp out unwanted modes of oscillation, resulting in a desired mode of natural oscillation. Thus, a stable limit cycle can be attained so that the two pendulums are synchronized through either in-phase or out-of-phase oscillations.

 

Dynamic Interaction between Biological Oscillator and Mechanical Rectifier
NSF/CMS 0201386, July 2002 - June 2005, PI: T. Iwasaki

Biologists have found evidence that rhythmic animal locomotion such as walking, swimming, and flying, are realized by certain neuronal elements the central pattern generators (CPGs). The CPG drives the animal body which in turn acts as a mechanical rectifier, when interacting with the environment, to convert the rhythmic body motion into its forward velocity. Substantial knowledge on such biological control systems has been generated in the field of neuroscience, yet it awaits full exploitation for engineering design.

The objective of this basic research is to uncover the fundamental mechanism of bi-ological oscillation and its dynamic interaction with the mechanical rectifier. In particular, the project will develop an understanding of the mechanism of animal locomotion from biological ob-servations at the neuronal level, hypothesize the knowledge as engineering principles for feedback control design, and establish a systematic procedure for designing CPG-based controllers to achieve optimally efficient autonomous locomotion.

The CPG control design problem will be addressed by breaking it down into the following tasks, based on a series of conjectures drawn from biological observations: (a) Find a mathematical model for a neuron, which is simple enough to allow for theoretical analysis but captures essential neuronal dynamics such as spike generation mechanism. (b) Develop a systematic method for designing CPGs that achieve a given frequency/phase profile. (c) Develop an optimization algo-rithm for tuning the synaptic connection parameters of CPGs to achieve the most energy efficient locomotion. (d) Experimentally validate robustness of the design procedure to be developed, in the presence of environmental uncertainty.

The PI has developed a preliminary model for Task (a) by simplifying detailed models from neuroscience within the framework of Lur’e systems which have been extensively studied in robust/nonlinear control literature. Such modeling allows Task (b) to be approached by general-ization of Lyapunov methods in which the PI has expertise and substantial experience. For Task (c), an optimization problem is mathematically formulated and gradient-based dynamic backprop-agation methods will be investigated. For Task (d) and for all other relevant studies, the PI plans to use a specific example of locomotor. The prototype mechanical rectifier (PMR) he proposes is simple enough to allow for extraction of engineering principles by theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiments. At the same time, it captures the essential dynamical mechanism of animal locomotion.

The next technological revolution seems to rely on our understanding of complex biological systems. Such understanding would enable us to develop a completely new kind of robust, adaptive, and autonomous machines. The outcome of this project will enhance the basic understanding of the mechanism underlying such sophistication, through formalization of biological knowledge on animal locomotion in terms of engineering language of feedback control. Our research will have impacts on new innovations in a variety of fields. Realizations of new type of robotic locomotion systems for space explorations would be a direct application. Physiological control of the heart beat profile for stabilization of defective heart may be another. In view of entrainment and self-excitation capabilities of CPGs, the long term implications of the knowledge to be generated may also include advent of drastically different ways for information processing.

pendulum


Modeling and Analysis of Neuronal Circuits for Locomotion with Sensory Feedback
NIH/NINDS 1 R01 NS46057-01, October 2002 - September 2006, PI: T. Iwasaki, Co-PI: W.O. Friesen (Biology)

The broad aim for this project is to enhance the understanding of biological information processing mechanisms. The immediate goals are to uncover the fundamental roles of sensory feedback mechanisms in the neuronal control of animal locomotion and to establish mathematical models that predict the dynamical behavior of and supply missing information about the biological system. More specifically, the aims are to I) perform biophysical and physiological experiments on leech preparations to collect neuronal and mechanical input/output data needed for quantitative models, II) develop a mathematical model of the neuronal control system for leech swimming that includes sensory feedback, III) predict the effects of sensory feedback through numerical simulations of the model, and IV) test these predictions through physiological experiments on leech preparations.

This project employs the Lur'e model for neuronal dynamics, recently developed by the PI, as a basis for the modeling of neurodynamic feedback control system of leech swimming. The class of Lur'e systems has been extensively studied in the systems and control discipline and thus a variety of mathematical analysis tools are available. The project develops dynamical models (differential equations) of the leech locomotion control system, consisting of the central oscillator, muscle actuation by motoneurons, body-fluid interactions, and sensory feedback from stretch receptors, through parameter identifications based on experimental observations. Physiological experiments will be conducted on dissected and intact leech preparations to obtain explicit values for model parameters and to test hypotheses generated by experiments performed on the model.

The collaborative engineering-neurophyhsiological research proposed here is part of a broad effort to discover general principles for the neuronal control of animal movements. Because of the functional similarity, insights gained from the proposed research on leech swimming can be expected to increase our understanding of the neuronal control of rhythmic movements generally. Potential applications of the knowledge to be generated include insights into the cause of walking disability and development of rehabilitation methodologies, in addition to immeidate applications to feedback control design for rhythmic pattern generation.

feedback
bodywalls

Feedback Control Theory for Biological Pattern Generation
NSF/ECS/CAREER 0237708, February 2003 - January 2008, PI: T. Iwasaki

The overall goal of this career proposal is to explore the purely interdisciplinary subject of feedback control system design for generation of rhythmic patterns found in animal locomotion, and to develop effective pedagogical methods for inspiring engineering students with benefits of biological knowledge in the context of systems and control. Our specific goals are to (I) develop an orbital trajectory analysis method for a class of nonlinear systems arising from modeling of biological pattern generators; (II) establish a method for designing a dynamical system that achieves pattern generation with a prescribed oscillation profile; (III) revise the dynamics and control curriculum to provide a broader view of ``systems'' through crossdisciplinary training in neuroscience; (IV) integrate the bio-control research into the science and engineering education at broad levels including K-12 and college undergraduate; (V) broadly disseminate the results of the proposed activities. Our methods and procedures to achieve these goals are to (I) mathematically formulate an oscillation analysis problem and derive a solution using tools from robust control theory, examine the degree of conservatism exploiting the biological knowledge of particular central pattern generator (CPG) architectures; (II) use the analysis result in I as a basis for developing a general theory for the design of CPGs utilizing linear matrix inequality methods, test the applicability of the design conditions against the CPGs known from biology; (III) improve an undergraduate course on systems modeling by introducing neuronal modeling and pattern generation mechanism, develop a new graduate course on robust and nonlinear control for regulation and biological oscillation; (IV) develop research-based educational tools through multidisciplinary, teamworking, senior thesis projects. Use the tools to stimulate K-12 and undergraduate students' intellectual curiosity into engineering and science through a series of outreach/educational activities; (V) utilize conference presentations, publications in archival journals, invited seminars, and possibly tutorial workshops in major international conferences.

The central theme of feedback control theory has been the regulation around an equilibrium point of a dynamical system. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to control specifications involving periodic motion (or oscillation) generation despite their practical importance. The basic research outlined in this proposal will provide an initial stepping stone toward a new control paradigm that focuses on autonomous pattern generation by feedback dynamics. In particular, the project will establish a systematic method for analysis and design of pattern generators through the exploitation of biological knowledge on neuronal oscillators. The crossdisciplinary research activities over biology and control fields are integrated into educational activities at all levels. The revised curriculum will provide undergraduate and graduate students with a broader perspective on engineering problems. The senior thesis project will develop students with team-oriented problem-solving skills in a multidisciplinary environment. The outreach activities will contribute to improve scientific literacy of K-12 students.

Control of Flapping Flight and Swimming
NASA/NIA 3013-UV, January 2003 - , PI: H. Haj-Hariri, Co-PIs: H. Bart-Smith, T. Iwasaki

Morphing: A key emerging technology is in the development of synthetic shape morphing structures and actuators. The Morphing Structures Group at UVA has considerable experience in the design and testing of lightweight shape morphing systems. A major contribution of this group is in the integration of linear actuator devices and materials into statically determinant trusses. Actuation of the active material or device does not generate strain energy within the inactive members of the structure, therefore not diminishing the morphing system’s ability to overcome large restraining forces and moments. A wide choice of actuators is available, including electroactive polymers, shape memory alloys (SMAs), micro-pneumatic devices, as well as magneto and electrostrictive and piezoelectric materials. SMAs and EAPs are of particular interest. Many of these materials can be made in fiber or ribbon form and weaving them facilitates the creation of hierarchical structures containing sensors, power delivery and linear control filaments. We have considerable experience in the use of SMAs. Bart-Smith recently used SMAs to develop a successful shape morphing structural panel. A cantilever beam using a lightweight, near statically determinant cellular metal truss core and Ni-Ti SMA face sheets was used to demonstrate the working principles.

Control: Iwasaki (with NIH/NSF funding) has developed a neuronal controller, which is motivated by considering that a flyer or swimmer can be viewed as a AC-to-DC converter (periodic lateral movements resulting in linear movement), while biological neurons are the opposite (a constant current injection leading to a sequence of electrical pulse firings). With this elegantly insightful (and original) observation, using some similarly insightful models, a neuronal controller was developed and applied to nonlinear oscillators that were tasked with a certain objective. In very few cycles the objective was achieved. This truly-bio-inspired controller is an ideal candidate for the control of flapping or swimming.

Modeling: The development of the control algorithm, as well as the model of the actuator requires a theoretical/computational model of the flyer. Given the complexity of the governing equations and the geometry, it is imperative to have a reduced-order model of the system, allowing for all interactions and control. Furthermore, the model needs to be able to handle all geometries with ease. These requirements point to the direction of an embedding model wherein the solid is embedded in a fluid and the resulting equations are then projected onto an appropriate basis for the reduction of order. Haj-Hariri has been working on these ideas for a few years, the last two funded by NASA.

More details of the current research projects can be found in:
T. Iwasaki, "Neuronal oscillator: A new perspective in control," Seminar Talk, 2002. PPT Presentation
T. Iwasaki and M. Zheng, "The Lur'e model for neuronal dynamics," Proc. IFAC World Congress, 2002. PDF
T. Iwasaki, "Robust self-excitation by biological oscillators," Proc. IFAC World Congress, 2002. PDF
T. Iwasaki and M. Zheng, "What makes biological oscillators achieve robust self-excitation?," Proc. American Control Conference, 2003. PDF

Automotive Independently Controlled Magnetic Valve
2000 Honda Research Initiation Award, January 2001 - December 2001, PI: T. Iwasaki, Co-PI: P. Allaire

The project concerns the development of a set of independently controlled electro-magnetic valves for automotive use as powertrain intake and exhaust use. In normal automotive engine design, the valve timing is dictated by the fixed engine driven camshaft or similar component. The goal of this research is a fully independent valve design which allows for specific timing scheduling and profiling to maximize the performance output of the engine. The valve has to travel 8mm in 3.6ms at the high end of the engine speed envelope (6000rpm). The major challenge for electromagnetic actuator design is to achieve such large acceleration in the presence of uncertain gas dynamic disturbance force. The important control tasks that need to be achieved include soft landing, disturbance attenuation, and energy optimization.

Serpentine Locomotion by Robotic Snake
Grant-in-Aid for COE Research, Ministry of Education, Japan, April 1997 - May 2000, PI: K. Furuta

Most currently available mobile robot mechanisms for ground operations have wheels driven by some type of rotational motion generators such as an engine. Such wheeled mechanisms are relatively efficient, easy to steer, and suited for high-speed driving on a smooth surface. They are, however, not effective in rugged environments such as rough and/or muddy terrains. Mobile robots with legs are being actively researched for several reasons, including the fact that legs provide higher terrain adaptability than wheels. Even higher terrain adaptability may be achieved by multilink articulated robots that "crawl" like snakes. Beyond their adaptability to the environment, serpentine robots offer a variety of advantages over mobile robots with wheels or legs. They are robust to mechanical failure because they are modular and highly redundant. They may also perform as manipulator arms when part of the multilinked body is fixed to a platform. On the other hand, one of the main drawbacks is their poor power efficiency for surface locomotion. Another is the difficulty in analyzing and synthesizing snakelike locomotion mechanisms, which are not as simple as wheeled mechanisms. While the former is a fundamental drawback inherent with the snakelike locomotion, the latter point has been addressed by many researchers, and we hope to add another contribution to overcoming the difficulty.

In this research, we consider a snake robot without wheels that has substantial potential for adapting to the environment at the expense of power efficiency. First, we develop a mathematical model for an articulated snake robot consisting of n rigid links with torque actuators at n-1 joints. Two models for the directional friction force acting on each link are developed and integrated into the total equations of motion for the snake robot. We then show a model transformation that decouples the dynamics into the internal shape motion (joint torques -> joint angles) and the inertial locomotion (joint angles -> inertial position and orientation). This decoupling enables us to concentrate on control of the inertial locomotion through the shape change, assuming that the shape can readily be controlled as desired via the joint actuators. We then analyze the locomotion of the snake robot with serpentine gait from the power efficiency standpoint. In particular, we investigate the shape motion that achieves the locomotion at a prescribed speed while requiring the least input power. Based on the analysis results, we determine the feedback control architecture to realize desired locomotion and propose a method for designing such controllers by suggesting an appropriate input transformation. Finally, our control strategy is experimentally validated by a five-link articulated snake robot. To our knowledge, this is the first research that addresses the problem of modeling, analysis, and feedback synthesis of serpentine locomotion by an articulated robotic snake without wheels.

snake

Integrated Design of Controlled Mechanical Systems
Grant-in-Aid for COE Research, Ministry of Education, Japan, April 1997 - May 2000, PI: K. Furuta

Designs of controlled mechanical systems have been conventionally carried out in two independent steps: the mechanical design followed by the control design. While this strategy has been successful for generating systems that work fairly well, dynamic performance specifications have become increasingly more stringent in some applications and have demanded a new design concept for effectively integrating the two steps. An important aspect of the design is that the mechanical component and the controller are in a feedback interconnection, and as such, we cannot expect that optimization on each will produce a satisfactory result. The design of each needs to take into account the limitations and capabilities of the other. The objective of this research is to uncover the fundamental nature of high quality integrated designs in the context of controlled mechanical systems, and to develop tools for design from this understanding. We focus on identifying the properties of mechanical systems that place limits on controlled performance.


Robust Stability and Performance Analysis of Dynamic Control Systems
Ministry of Education, Japan, April 1996 - March 1999, PI: T. Iwasaki

Performance of dynamic control systems can often be quantified as the size of certain signals within the system in response to a prescribed class of possible exogenous signals. The objective of this research is to develop systematic tools to assess performance of a certain class of dynamic systems. Such tools are based on mathematical models of real systems and thus their applicability is subject to inherent modeling errors. Our approach will explicitly take such uncertainties into account and provide method for calculating robust performance measures, that is, estimates for the worst case performances. The class of systems treated is fairly large, including linear systems with time-varying parameters, uncertain delays, actuator saturations, and general static nonlinearities.

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Teaching Activities
MAE371 Mechanical Systems Modeling
MAE752 State Space Linear Control Systems
MAE753 Optimal Dynamical Systems

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Book and Journal Publications

Book Publications

Title: Finite frequency characterization of easily controllable plant toward structure/control design integration
Author(s): Hara S, Iwasaki T
Source: Control and Modeling of Complex Systems, pp.183-196, Editors: K. Hashimoto, Y. Oishi, Y. Yamamoto, Birkhauser, Published: 2003

Title: Regional H2 performance synthesis
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Fu M
Source: Chapter 6 of Actuator Saturation Control, Editors: V. Kapila, K.M. Grigoriadis, Marcel Dekker, Published: 2002

Title: Control synthesis for well-posedness of feedback systems
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: Chapter 14 of Advances on LMI Methods in Control, Editors: L. El Ghaoui and S.-I. Niculescu, SIAM Published: 2000

Title: LMI and Control
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: Shokodo, Published: 1997

Title: A Unified Algebraic Approach to Linear Control Design
Author(s): Skelton RE, Iwasaki T, Grigoriadis KM
Source: Taylor & Francis, Published: 1997

Journal Publications (Updated October 2009)

 

 

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Title: Generalized sector synthesis of output feedback control with anti-windup structure
Author(s): Sawada K, Kiyama T, Iwasaki T
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 58   Issue: 6   Pages: 421-428   Published: JUN 2009
Times Cited: 0

 

Title: Sum-of-Squares Decomposition via Generalized KYP Lemma
Author(s): Hara S, Iwasaki T
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 54   Issue: 5   Pages: 1025-1029   Published: MAY 2009
Times Cited: 0

 

Title: Matrix perturbation analysis for weakly coupled oscillators
Author(s): Chen ZY, Iwasaki T
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 58   Issue: 2   Pages: 148-154   Published: FEB 2009
Times Cited: 0

Title: Coordinated rhythmic motion by uncoupled neuronal oscillators with sensory feedback
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source:
JOURNAL OF CONTROL, MEASUREMENT, AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION   Volume: 1   Issue: 2   Pages: 165-174   Published: FEB 2008
Times Cited: 

 

Title: Multivariable harmonic balance for central pattern generators
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: AUTOMATICA   Volume: 44   Issue: 12   Pages: 3061-3069   Published: DEC 2008
Times Cited: 1

 

Title: Multivariable harmonic balance analysis of the neuronal oscillator for leech swimming
Author(s): Chen ZY, Zheng M, Friesen WO, et al.
Source: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE   Volume: 25   Issue: 3   Pages: 583-606   Published: DEC 2008
Times Cited: 2

 

Title: Application of semi-definite programming to robust stability of delay systems
Author(s): Bliman PA, Iwasaki T
Source: APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION   Volume: 200   Issue: 2   Pages: 517-528   Published: JUL 1 2008
Times Cited: 1

 

Title: Formal analysis of resonance entrainment by central pattern generator
Author(s): Futakata Y, Iwasaki T
Source: JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY   Volume: 57   Issue: 2   Pages: 183-207   Published: AUG 2008
Times Cited: 3

 

Title: Circulant synthesis of central pattern generators with application to control of rectifier systems
Author(s): Chen ZY, Iwasaki T
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 53   Issue: 1   Pages: 273-286   Published: FEB 2008
Times Cited: 2

 

Title: Muscle function in animal movement: passive mechanical properties of leech muscle
Author(s): Tian JH, Iwasaki T, Friesen WO
Source: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY   Volume: 193   Issue: 12   Pages: 1205-1219   Published: DEC 2007
Times Cited: 3

 

Title: Feedback control synthesis of multiple frequency domain specifications via generalized KYP lemma
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL   Volume: 17   Issue: 5-6   Pages: 415-434   Published: MAR-APR 2007
Times Cited: 4

 

Title: Systems-level modeling of neuronal circuits for leech swimming
Author(s): Zheng M, Friesen WO, Iwasaki T
Source: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE   Volume: 22   Issue: 1   Pages: 21-38   Published: FEB 2007
Times Cited: 9

 

Title: Robustness limitations in self-sensing magnetic bearings
Author(s): Maslen EH, Montie DT, Iwasaki T
Source: JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME   Volume: 128   Issue: 2   Pages: 197-203   Published: JUN 2006
Times Cited: 1

 

Title: Sensory feedback mechanism underlying entrainment of central pattern generator to mechanical resonance
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Zheng M
Source: BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS   Volume: 94   Issue: 4   Pages: 245-261   Published: APR 2006
Times Cited: 15

 

Title: Robust PID control using generalized KYP synthesis - Direct open-loop shaping in multiple frequency ranges
Author(s): Hara S, Iwasaki T, Shiokata D
Source: IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE   Volume: 26   Issue: 1   Pages: 80-91   Published: FEB 2006
Times Cited: 11

 

Title: Effectiveness and limitation of circle criterion for LTI robust control systems with control input nonlinearities of sector type
Author(s): Kiyama T, Hara S, Iwasaki T
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL   Volume: 15   Issue: 17   Pages: 873-901   Published: NOV 25 2005
Times Cited: 2

 

Title: Time domain interpretations of frequency domain inequalities on (semi)finite ranges
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S, Fradkov AL
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 54   Issue: 7   Pages: 681-691   Published: JUL 2005
Times Cited: 10

 

Title: Feasibility analysis for the rotordynamic performance of API617
Author(s): Ahn HJ, Maslen EH, Iwasaki T
Source: JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME   Volume: 127   Issue: 2   Pages: 418-424   Published: APR 2005
Times Cited: 1

 

Title: Generalized KYP lemma: Unified frequency domain inequalities with design applications
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 50   Issue: 1   Pages: 41-59   Published: JAN 2005
Times Cited: 86

 

Title: Dynamical system design from a control perspective: Finite frequency positive-realness approach
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S, Yamauchi H
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 48   Issue: 8   Pages: 1337-1354   Published: AUG 2003
Times Cited: 33

 

Title: Generalized quadratic Lyapunov functions for nonlinear/uncertain systems analysis
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: PERSPECTIVES IN ROBUST CONTROL  Book Series: LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES   Volume: 268   Pages: 149-174   Published: 2001
Times Cited: 1

Title: Modeling and controlling flow-induced suspension-head unit vibrations in hard disk drives
Author(s):
Humphrey JAC, Haj-Hariri H, Iwasaki T, Kazemi M, Rosales L
Source:
MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES   Volume: 8   Pages: 375-382   Published: 2002
Times Cited: 

 

Title: Serpentine locomotion with robotic snakes
Author(s): Saito M, Fukaya M, Iwasaki T
Source: IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE   Volume: 22   Issue: 1   Pages: 64-81   Published: FEB 2002
Times Cited: 50

 

Title: LPV system analysis via quadratic separator for uncertain implicit systems
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Shibata G
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 46   Issue: 8   Pages: 1195-1208   Published: AUG 2001
Times Cited: 68

Title: State space region attaining L2 performance for saturating control system
Author(s):
Kiyama T, Iwasaki T
Source:
TRANSACTIONS OF SICE   Volume: 37   Issue: 4   Pages: 307-315   Published: 2001
Times Cited:

 

Title: Quadratic controllability, strong controllability, and a related output feedback property
Author(s): Swei SM, Iwasaki T, Corless M
Source: SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION   Volume: 39   Issue: 5   Pages: 1373-1390   Published: MAR 5 2001
Times Cited: 1

 

Title: On the use of multi-loop circle criterion for saturating control synthesis
Author(s): Kiyama T, Iwasaki T
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 41   Issue: 2   Pages: 105-114   Published: OCT 9 2000
Times Cited: 36

 

Title: When is (D, G)-scaling both necessary and sufficient
Author(s): Meinsma G, Iwasaki T, Fu MY
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 45   Issue: 9   Pages: 1755-1759   Published: SEP 2000
Times Cited: 6

 

Title: Generalized S-procedure and finite frequency KYP lemma
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Meinsma G, Fu MY
Source: MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING   Volume: 6   Issue: 2-3   Pages: 305-320   Published: 2000
Times Cited: 49

 

Title: Simultaneous parametric uncertainty modeling and robust control synthesis by LFT scaling
Author(s): Asai T, Hara S, Iwasaki T
Source: AUTOMATICA   Volume: 36   Issue: 10   Pages: 1457-1467   Published: OCT 2000
Times Cited: 13

Title: Analysis and control of a gait of snake robot
Author(s):
Prautsch P, Mita T, Iwasaki T
Source:
TRANSACTIONS OF IEEJ, Industry Applications Society  Volume: 120-D   Issue: 3   Pages: 372-381   Published: 2000
Times Cited:

 

Title: Robustness of the stability of feedback systems with respect to small time delays
Author(s): Meinsma G, Fu MY, Iwasaki T
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 36   Issue: 2   Pages: 131-134   Published: FEB 15 1999
Times Cited: 3

 

Title: The dual iteration for fixed-order control
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 44   Issue: 4   Pages: 783-788   Published: APR 1999
Times Cited: 41

 

Title: Analysis and synthesis of the robust impulse-to-peak performance
Author(s): Tokunaga H, Iwasaki T, Hara S
Source: AUTOMATICA   Volume: 34   Issue: 11   Pages: 1473-1477   Published: NOV 1998
Times Cited: 4

 

Title: Well-posedness of feedback systems: Insights into exact robustness analysis and approximate computations
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 43   Issue: 5   Pages: 619-630   Published: MAY 1998
Times Cited: 65

 

Title: A recursive construction algorithm for covariance control
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Skelton RE, Corless M
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 43   Issue: 2   Pages: 268-272   Published: FEB 1998
Times Cited: 2

 

Title: Fixed-order scaled H-infinity synthesis
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Rotea MA
Source: OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS   Volume: 18   Issue: 6   Pages: 381-398   Published: NOV-DEC 1997
Times Cited: 3

 

Title: Rank-one scaled H-infinity
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Rotea MA
Source: JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME   Volume: 119   Issue: 3   Pages: 513-520   Published: SEP 1997
Times Cited: 2

 

Title: Computational complexity reduction in scaled H-infinity synthesis
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Hara S, Rotea MA
Source: AUTOMATICA   Volume: 33   Issue: 7   Pages: 1325-1332   Published: JUL 1997
Times Cited: 0

 

Title: A unified approach to fixed-order controller design via linear matrix inequalities
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Skelton RE
Source: MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING   Volume: 1   Issue: 1   Pages: 59-75   Published: 1995
Times Cited: 3

 

Title: Robust performance analysis for systems with structured uncertainty
Author(s): Iwasaki T
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL   Volume: 6   Issue: 2   Pages: 85-99   Published: MAR 1996
Times Cited: 14

 

Title: The XY-centring algorithm for the dual LMI problem: A new approach to fixed-order control design
Author(s): Iwasaki T, Skelton RE
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL   Volume: 62   Issue: 6   Pages: 1257-1272   Published: DEC 1995
Times Cited: 69

 

Title: INCREASED ROLES OF LINEAR ALGEBRA IN CONTROL EDUCATION
Author(s): SKELTON RE, IWASAKI T
Source: IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE   Volume: 15   Issue: 4   Pages: 76-90   Published: AUG 1995
Times Cited: 12

 

Title: PARAMETRIZATION OF ALL STABILIZING CONTROLLERS VIA QUADRATIC LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS
Author(s): IWASAKI T, SKELTON RE
Source: JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS   Volume: 85   Issue: 2   Pages: 291-307   Published: MAY 1995
Times Cited: 27

 

Title: ALL FIXED-ORDER H-INFINITY CONTROLLERS - OBSERVER-BASED STRUCTURE AND COVARIANCE BOUNDS
Author(s): IWASAKI T, SKELTON RE
Source: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL   Volume: 40   Issue: 3   Pages: 512-516   Published: MAR 1995
Times Cited: 20

 

Title: LINEAR-QUADRATIC SUBOPTIMAL CONTROL WITH STATIC OUTPUT-FEEDBACK
Author(s): IWASAKI T, SKELTON RE
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 23   Issue: 6   Pages: 421-430   Published: DEC 1994
Times Cited: 55

 

Title: ALL CONTROLLERS FOR THE GENERAL H-INFINITY CONTROL PROBLEM - LMI EXISTENCE CONDITIONS AND STATE-SPACE FORMULAS
Author(s): IWASAKI T, SKELTON RE
Source: AUTOMATICA   Volume: 30   Issue: 8   Pages: 1307-1317   Published: AUG 1994
Times Cited: 473

 

Title: THE H-INFINITY CONTROL PROBLEM USING STATIC OUTPUT-FEEDBACK
Author(s): SKELTON RE, STOUSTRUP J, IWASAKI T
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL   Volume: 4   Issue: 4   Pages: 449-455   Published: JUL-AUG 1994
Times Cited: 12

 

Title: ON THE OBSERVER-BASED STRUCTURE OF COVARIANCE CONTROLLERS
Author(s): IWASAKI T, SKELTON RE
Source: SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS   Volume: 22   Issue: 1   Pages: 17-25   Published: JAN 1994
Times Cited: 5

 

Title: LIAPUNOV AND COVARIANCE CONTROLLERS
Author(s): SKELTON RE, IWASAKI T
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL   Volume: 57   Issue: 3   Pages: 519-536   Published: MAR 1993
Times Cited: 46

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Students

Current Ph.D Students
Brady Bolton (9/2009-present), UCLA
Jun Chen (9/2005-present), UVA
Justin T. Blair (8/2003-present), UVA
Tom Bliss (9/2005-present), UVA

Current M.S. Students
None

Past Ph.D Students
Yoshiaki Futakata (8/2003-8/2009), UVA, “Natural mode entrainment by CPG-based decentralized feedback controllers Ebr /> Jianghong Tian (8/2003-8/2008), UVA/MAE, “Muscle function and neuromuscular transformation in leech swimming E August 2008
Min Zheng (8/2000-8/2007), UVA/MAE, “Modeling of CPG-based control mechanisms for leech swimming E August 2007
Dominick Montie, UVA/MAE, “Performance limitations and self-sensing magnetic bearings E Jan. 2003
Tsuyoshi Kiyama (4/1998-5/2000)s "Robust control synthesis for linear time invariant systems with sector type nonlinearities using circle criterion"

Past M.S. Students
Ron Forch, (8/2007-8/2009), UVA, “Exploring new paradigms in locomotion: The development and analysis of a simplified manta ray wing model Ebr /> Robert Lynch (8/2005-8/2007), UVA, “Modeling the leech swim system: sensory feedback and stability analysis Ebr /> Bo Liu (8/2000-5/2005), UVA, “CPG-based feedback control of prototype mechanical rectifier Ebr /> Jeremy Wolf (8/2001-???), UVA
Taro Mori, (4/1995-8/1997) (Co-advised with S. Hara) "Frobenius norm minimization by gradient flow"
Kazunori Yamashiro, (4/1996-3/1998) "Robust control synthesis with adaptive structure"
Goh Shibata, (4/1997-3/1999) "Robust control system analysis with parameter-dependent Lyapunov function"
Hiroki Sugimoto, (4/1997-3/1999) "Control synthesis via IQCs"
Masashi Saito, (4/1998-3/2000) "Control method of a hyper redundant snake robot"
Kazufumi Ichimaru, (4/1998-3/2000) "Stability analysis of linear systems with saturation "
Hirokazu Sugiyama, (4/1998-3/2000) "Synthesis of data-based control systems"
Hirokazu Yamauchi, (4/1999-5/2000)s "Structure/control integration based on finite frequency positive-realness"
Masakazu. Fukaya, (4/1999-5/2000)m "Nonholonomic position and attitude control of an underwater vehicle"
Yoshiaki Futakata, (4/1999-5/2000)s "Branch and bound algorithm for BMI eigenvalue problem on parallel system"

Past B.S. Students
Hirokazu Sugiyama, (4/1997-3/1998) "Exact computation of the structured singular value"
Hiroyuki Tanaka, (4/1997-3/1998) "On the robust H2 performance analysis"
Kazufumi Ichimaru (4/1997-3/1998) "State feedback control for systems with nonlinear components"
Hirokazu Yamauchi, (4/1998-3/1999) "Locomotion analysis of hyper redundant systems"
Masakazu. Fukaya, (4/1998-3/1999) "Locomotion control of a hyper redundant system: Input transformation approach"
Yoshiaki Futakata, (4/1997-3/1999) "Designing controllers for systems with input saturation"
Rie Nakashima, (4/1999-3/2000) "Analysis of a hyper redundant snake robot: Relationship between driving force and undulation angle"
Fumihiro Shimizu, (4/1999-3/2000) "Integrated design of control/structure systems"
Teruyoshi Sadahiro, (4/1999-3/2000) "Stability analysis of linear systems with time delay"

NOTE:
s (Advised by S. Hara during 5/2000-3/2001), m (Advised by T. Mita during 5/2000-3/2001)